Russian · words English knows
What does ushanka mean?
ушанка Say it uSHANka noun, feminine
An ushanka is the Russian fur hat with ear flaps that tie on top in mild weather and fold down over the ears in hard frost.
Ушанка means, in effect, the ear-thing: from уши, ears, plus the -анка suffix. It is the fur or pile cap whose flaps tie up over the crown in mild cold and fold down over ears and jaw when the real cold arrives. The full name is шапка-ушанка, the ear-flap hat.
Aurélien CuvelierAug 15, 2026 · Updated Sep 22, 2026What it really means
The design is pure function: flaps up and tied on top for style and errands, flaps down and tied under the chin for the serious minus numbers, where exposed ears genuinely freeze. Military versions with badges made it a Cold War icon abroad; at home it is simply winter equipment, worn by everyone the weather applies to.
The tourist version with the giant red star is costume, not clothing: wearing one in Russia signals souvenir shop the way a beret-and-baguette outfit would in Paris. The civilian gray, black or fur ušanka remains completely ordinary.
The word as a word
A feminine noun formed off ухо / уши (ear / ears), one of Russian's body-part irregulars worth knowing: ухо, уши. The formation is the standard -анка object-from-feature pattern, and the stress lands mid-word: u-SHAN-ka.
Watch out
Pronunciation: u-SHAN-ka, not OO-shan-ka. And if you buy one for actual winter, buy for the tie-down: the flaps are the entire point, and a ушанка worn flaps-up in minus twenty is fashion losing an argument with physics.
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Common questions
What does ushanka literally mean?
Roughly ear-er or ear-thing: уши (ears) plus the -анка suffix that builds an object from its feature. The full formal name is шапка-ушанка, an ear-flap hat, and the flaps are what the word is about.
Do Russians actually wear ushankas?
In real winter, widely: it is practical headgear, not costume. What Russians do not wear is the souvenir version with the oversized red star, which marks a tourist as reliably as it marks a gift shop.
Written by
Aurélien Cuvelier Founder, NuanceDeck
Aurélien Cuvelier builds NuanceDeck, the app that teaches Russian and French words in context. Each course follows the official proficiency word lists and a frequency corpus for its language, and every word comes with real, annotated example sentences.
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